Friday, October 12, 2012

Specialized cells not so specialized



As you may have heard, The Nobel Prices were awarded some days ago, and the one of the most important medical discoveries of the time was of course awarded one.

I remember, that when we were in highschool  in our biology class, the teacher used to say that as the fetus was growing inside the uterus, the cells of this fetus got specialized in, for example, skin cells, muscle cells, liver cells, intestine cells, etc. And since those cells were so specialized they could be part of any other organ, in other words, they didn't have the potentiality of becoming cells of other organs.

Well, now teachers will have to change their discourse a little bit, because recently two scientist have finally ended conducting research to prove that specialized cell can be re-programmed and used as non-specialized cells, meaning that they have the potential of become any kind of cell in our body.

John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka worked for several years to prove that mature cells, or specialized cells if you like, can be reprogrammed in order to serve as a non-specialized cell.

This is possible, because at first, cell have the information to play any role in our body. As some genes star expressing themselves, the cell start specializing also. What these scientist did, was to reprogram the cell with the information that was stored in it , so they could use the cell as an immature cell.

This achievement can produce a huge impact in the therapies used to certain diseases, for instance cancer cells.

Do you think that with this kind of discoveries, medicine will finally find an absolute cure for cancer? can you think of any other purpose that this discovery may serve for science and medicine?

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